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Voice (ā¤ĩाā¤्ā¤¯)
Voice shows whether the subject of the sentence is doing the action or receiving the action.1. Active Voice (ā¤ā¤°्ā¤¤ा ā¤ĩाā¤्ā¤¯)
Format: Subject + Verb + Object
Example:
Ram eats an apple.
(Ram is doing the action)
2. Passive Voice (ā¤ā¤°्ā¤Ž ā¤ĩाā¤्ā¤¯)
Format: Object + Helping Verb + V3 + by + Subject
Example:
An apple is eaten by Ram.
(Apple receives the action of being eaten)
Rules for Changing Active into Passive
Basic Structure:
Active: Subject + Verb + ObjectPassive: Object + Helping Verb + V3 + by + Subject
1. The subject of Active Voice becomes the object (after 'by') in Passive Voice.
Example:
Active: Ram paints the wall.
Passive: The wall is painted by Ram.
2. The object of Active Voice becomes the subject in Passive Voice.
Example:
Active: She reads a book.
Passive: A book is read by her.
3. The third form of the verb (V3) is always used in Passive Voice.
Example:
Active: He is watching a movie.
Passive: A movie is being watched by him.
4. The helping verb in Passive Voice depends on the tense of the Active Voice sentence.
Example:
Active: They have finished the work. (Present Perfect)
Passive: The work has been finished by them.
5. Change the Pronouns Properly
| Active Subject | Passive Object |
|---|---|
| I | me |
| He | him |
| She | her |
| They | them |
| We | us |
| You | you |
6. Structure of 'Be' Verbs (Helping Verbs)
| Tense | 'Be' Form in Passive |
|---|---|
| Simple Present | is / am / are + V3 |
| Present Continuous | is / am / are + being + V3 |
| Present Perfect | has / have + been + V3 |
| Simple Past | was / were + V3 |
| Past Continuous | was / were + being + V3 |
| Past Perfect | had + been + V3 |
| Simple Future | shall / will + be + V3 |
| Future Perfect | shall / will + have been + V3 |
❌ Note: Future Continuous and Perfect Continuous tenses are not used in Passive Voice.
đ Active & Passive Examples
| Tense | Active Example | Passive Example |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | He eats mangoes. | Mangoes are eaten by him. |
| Present Continuous | She is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by her. |
| Present Perfect | They have played cricket. | Cricket has been played by them. |
| Simple Past | She cleaned the room. | The room was cleaned by her. |
| Past Continuous | He was reading a book. | A book was being read by him. |
| Past Perfect | We had finished the work. | The work had been finished by us. |
| Simple Future | He will buy a car. | A car will be bought by him. |
| Future Perfect | She will have done it. | It will have been done by her. |
7. Passive Voice of Modal Verbs
Format: Object + Modal + be + V3 + by + Subject
Examples:
➤ She can write a poem → A poem can be written by her.
8. ✍️ Passive of Imperative Sentences
Affirmative Sentences:
Let + object + be + V3
Examples:
➤ Open the door → Let the door be opened.
Negative Sentences:
Let + object + not + be + V3
Examples:
➤ Don’t waste water. → Let water not be wasted.
Request / Advice with “Please”:
Use: You are requested to + V1 OR You are advised to + V1
Examples:
➤ Please help me. → You are requested to help me.
9. đ Passive Voice of Interrogative Sentences
A. Yes/No Questions:
Helping verb (based on tense) + object + be (in correct form if needed) + V3 + by + subject + ?
Examples:
➤ Did he complete the project? → Was the project completed by him?
➤ Has he finished the homework? → Has the homework been finished by him?
➤ Can she complete the task? → Can the task be completed by her?
B. WH-Questions:
WH-Word + Helping Verb (based on tense) + object + be (in correct form if needed) + V3 + by + subject + ?
Examples:
➤ Who wrote this book? → By whom was this book written?
➤ Why did she leave the meeting? → Why was the meeting left by her?
➤ Did someone lock the door? → Was the door locked?
Note:
➤ If the question starts with “Who”, change to “By whom”.
10. đĢ Passive Voice Not Possible with Intransitive Verbs
Intransitive verbs do not take any object, so they can't be used in passive voice.
Example:
❌ He sleeps early.
đ "Sleeps" is an intransitive verb (no object)
✅ So, no passive voice is possible.
go, come, sleep, laugh, cry
➤ She runs fast. ❌ (No object – can’t change to passive)
➤ They laughed loudly. ❌ (No object – no passive form)
If a verb does not answer “what?” or “whom?”, it's likely intransitive and cannot be changed into passive voice.
11. Passive Voice in Double Object Sentences
Some sentences have two objects – usually a person and a thing.
Active:
He gave me a pen.
("me" = person, "a pen" = thing)
Passive:
1. I was given a pen by him.
2. A pen was given to me by him.
đ§ Tip:
1. If you want to focus on the person, start with the person.
đ Example: I was given a pen by him.
2. If you want to focus on the thing, start with the thing.
đ Example: A pen was given to me by him.
12. Passive Voice with Infinitive Verbs (to + V1)
Rule: to + V1 → to be + V3
Format: Object + Main Verb in Same Tense, but in Passive Form) + to be + V3 + by + Subject
➤ I hoped to finish the work → The work was hoped to be finished by me.
➤ She planned to visit the museum → The museum was planned to be visited by her.
When the object gets the action (doesn’t do it) and the verb is need, want, require, or deserve use:
đ Object + needs/wants/requires/deserves + to be + V3 + (by + Subject) Optional
➤ I need to clean the room → The room needs to be cleaned (by me).
➤ They want to complete the project → The project wants to be completed (by them).
➤ We require to update the file → The file requires to be updated (by us).
13. Passive Voice with Gerunds (verb + ing)
Gerund means verb + ing; used as a noun.
Rule: Subject + verb + being + V3 + by + object
Examples:
➤ I like people praising me. → I like being praised by people.
➤ She avoids people disturbing her. → She avoids being disturbed by people.
➤ Use being + V3 only when a gerund (verb + ing) needs to be changed into passive. This is common after verbs like: like, enjoy, avoid, deny, appreciate, dislike, etc.
➤ The rest of the sentence stays mostly the same.
✅ Sentence (Active Gerund — No Passive Needed):
"Reading" is a Gerund (Verb + ing; used as a noun).
She is the one doing the reading.
Since she is the doer, there's no need to make it passive (no being read).
14. đ¯ How to use Interjections in Passive Voice
If an interjection is used in an Active sentence, it remains unchanged in the Passive Voice. It usually appears at the beginning or end.
Rule: Interjection (if at the beginning) + Object + Helping Verb + V3 + by + Subject + Interjection (if at the end)
➤ They won the match, hurray! → The match was won by them, hurray!
15. How to use Adverbs in Passive Voice
In Passive Voice, adverbs (that describe how the action is done) are usually placed after the verb or object—just like in Active Voice.
Rule: Object + Helping Verb + V3 + Adverb + by + Subject
Example:➤ Ravi speaks English well → English is spoken well by Ravi.
16. How to use Prepositions in Passive Voice
Rule: Object (from Active) + Helping Verb + V3 + Preposition + Prepositional Object + (by + Agent)
➤ She told the secret to me → The secret was told to me (by her).
to often comes before the receiver
➤ He killed the snake with a stick → The snake was killed with a stick (by him).
with used to show the instrument or means of the action
➤ Someone threw a stone at the dog → A stone was thrown at the dog (by someone).
at used to show direction, target, or place
➤ He placed the book on the table → The book was placed on the table (by him).
on used for location, surface, or time
➤ The manager appreciated the work of the team → The work of the team was appreciated by the manager.
of is a preposition of possession, relation, quantity, or description
➤ He sent the letter by bus → The letter was sent by bus (by him)
by is a preposition used to show the means, method, or place of the action depending on context, the doer (agent) of the action in passive voice.
Yes, an Active Voice sentence can contain the word "by" as part of a phrase (like a prepositional phrase), and another "by" will still be used in the Passive Voice to show the doer (agent).
➤ The peon delivered the letter by post → The letter was delivered by post by the peon.
✅ by post → method/medium (how it was delivered)
✅ by the peon → agent (doer) placed at the end
➤ She sent the parcel by courier by mistake → The parcel was sent by her by courier by mistake.
✅ “by her” → doer
✅ “by courier” → method/medium
✅ “by mistake” → manner
17. How to use Adjectives (happy, sad, angry, etc.) in Passive Voice
Adjectives describe nouns, so they don’t usually change in Active or Passive. They remain with the noun they describe.➤ The news shocked him → He was shocked by the news.
➤ The result pleased her → She was pleased with the result.
➤ “by + subject” is optional — use it only if the doer is important